Broadly defined, a real estate concession is anything that makes the transaction more financially attractive.
For example, assume you and your spouse are first time buyers. After searching feverishly for the past couple of months you’ve finally found a home you both love. There’s only one problem; it’s a little out of your price range. You tap out your 401k, receive a gift from your parents and you now have enough for the down payment, but you’re still about $4,000 short on closing costs. The real estate agent suggests that when presenting the offer, you ask the seller to pay $4,000 of your closing costs. You present the offer and the seller agrees to pay the $4,000 (without requesting anything in return). You’ve just received a concession. The seller granted you $4,000 solely for the purpose of advancing the transaction, i.e., making the deal more attractive for you and your spouse.
A concession could also come in the form of a reduced selling price, a new carpet allowance, repair or paint allowance, leaving a 60” flat screen TV, including a washer, dryer and refrigerator, or a number of other things that could sweeten the pot. However, the most common concession is reflected in the scenario set forth above-the seller pays some, or all of, the buyer’s closing costs. It should be noted that lenders have rather strict rules about concessions. All concessions should be reflected in the purchase agreement and direct cash exchanges between the buyer and seller are forbidden! Anything done outside of the settlement and not reflected on the final closing statement (HUD-1) is impermissible.
The net effect of a seller concession means the seller will walk away from the closing table with less money, and in turn, the buyer will bring less. For example, consider the example above. Assume the sales price was $250,000. The buyer’s down payment was 5% ($12,500) and the closing costs were 2.75% of the loan amount ($6,531-rounded to the nearest dollar). The buyer needed a total of $19,031 to close ($12,500 + $6,531 = $19,031), but because the seller paid $4,000 of their closing costs, the buyer only came to the table with $15,031.
Your lender will impose a limit on the amount of the concessions received from the seller. Depending on the type of loan you obtain the concessions typically range from 3% – 6%.
Finally, the seller isn’t the only party who makes concessions. For example, assume you and the seller have agreed to close escrow in 60 days (when your lease expires) and you’ve already given your landlord notice. Thirty (30) days into the transaction you’re contacted by the seller’s agent and they’d like to close 15 days early. Since the buyer’s interest starts to accrue on the day the loan is funded, you’ll pay interest on your new mortgage loan and rent on your old apartment (overlapping) for 15 days. If you agree to close early and don’t seek a per diem interest reimbursement, you’re then granting the seller a concession.